September 2018 – Crayford Manor House Astronomical Society Dartford

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Messier 110 (also known as M110 and NGC 205) is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is a satellite of the Andromeda Galaxy. M110 contains some dust and hints of recent star formation, which is unusual for dwarf elliptical galaxies in general.

Although Charles Messier never included the galaxy in his famous list, it was depicted by him, together with M32, on a drawing of the Andromeda galaxy; a label on the drawing indicates that Messier first observed NGC 205 on August 10, 1773. The galaxy was independently discovered by Caroline Herschel on August 27, 1783; her brother William Herschel described her discovery in 1785. The suggestion to assign the galaxy a Messier number was made by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967.
In 1999, Johnson and Modjaz discovered a nova in M110.

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Images by Martin Crow

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Images by Debra Holton

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Lenticular galaxy, M85, NGC4382

30th September 2018

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Messier 85 (also known as M85 or NGC 4382) is a lenticular galaxy (type S0) in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is 60 million light years away, making it the 94th most distant Messier object, and it estimated to be 125,000 light years across. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781. It is the northern most outlier of the Virgo cluster. The type I supernova, 1960R was discovered in M85 on Dec 20, 1960 and reached an apparent magnitude of 11.7. M85 is interacting with the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4394, and a small elliptical galaxy called MCG 3-32-38.

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Image's by Debra Holton

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Cigar Galaxy, M82, NGC3034

30th September 2018

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Messier 82 (also known as NGC 3034 or the Cigar Galaxy) is a nearby starburst galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. The starburst galaxy is five times as bright as the whole Milky Way and one hundred times as bright as our galaxy's centre.
In 2005, the Hubble revealed 197 young massive clusters in the starburst core. The average mass of these clusters is around 2 × 105 solar masses, hence the starburst core is a very energetic and high-density environment. Throughout the galaxy's centre, young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside our entire Milky Way Galaxy.

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Images by Simon Dawes

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Images by Julian Tworek

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Images by Neil Webster

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| M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8| M9 | M10 | M11 | M12 | M13 | M14 | M15 | M16 | M17 | M18 | M19 | M20 | M21 | M22 | M23 | M24 | M25 | M26 | M27 | M28 | M29 | M30 | M31 | M32 | M33 | M34 | M35 | M36 | M37 | M38 | M39 | M40 | M41 | M42 | M43 | M44 | M45 | M46 | M47 | M48 | M49 | M50 | M51 | M52 | M53 | M54 | M55 | M56 | M57 | M58 | M59 | M60 | M61 | M62 | M63 | M64 | M65| M66 | M67 | M68 | M69 | M70 | M71 | M72 | M73 | M74 | M75 | M76 | M77 | M78 | M79 | M80 | M81 | M82 | M83 | M84 | M85 | M86 | M87 | M88 | M89 | M90 | M91 | M92 | M93 | M94 | M95 | M96 | M97 | M98 | M99 | M100 | M101 | M102 | M103 | M104 | M105 | M106 | M107 | M108 | M109 | M110 |

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Bode’s Galaxy, M81, NGC3031

30th September 2018

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Messier 81 is a spiral galaxy about 12 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. M81 is one of the most striking examples of a grand design spiral galaxy, with near perfect arms spiralling into the very centre. Because of its proximity to Earth, its large size, and its active galactic nucleus (which harbours a 70 million solar mass supermassive black hole). It is close by M82 which is also worth a look if you are in this region.

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Images by Simon Dawes

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Images by Julian Tworek

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Images by Neil Webster

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Images by Kevin Langford

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Images by Leigh Slomer

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[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="800"] 20210307_120345 Bode's Galaxy, taken on the 6th of April 2021 with a Skywatcher Evostar 72ed Pro and an astro modified Canon EOS 250d. Stacked grom 172 minutes worth of exposures.[/caption]

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Globular Cluster, M71, NGC6838

22nd September 2018

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Messier 71 (also known as NGC 6838) is a globular cluster in the constellation Sagitta. It was discovered by Philippe Loys de Chéseaux in 1745 and included by Charles Messier in his catalogue of comet-like objects in 1780. It was also noted by Koehler at Dresden around 1775.

The star cluster is at a distance of about 12,000 light years away from Earth and spans some 27 light years across. The irregular variable star Z Sagittae is a member of this cluster.

M71 was long thought (until the 1970s) to be a densely packed open cluster, however, modern photometric photometry has detected a short "horizontal branch" in the H-R diagram of M71, which is characteristic of a globular cluster.

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Images By Simon Dawes

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Images By Debra Holton

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Images By Andrew Wilson

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Leo Triplet, M66, NGC3627

22nd September 2018

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Messier 66 (also known as NGC 3627) is an intermediate spiral galaxy about 36 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1780. M66 is about 95 thousand light-years across with striking dust lanes and bright star clusters along sweeping spiral arms. M66 is part of the famous Leo Triplet, a small group of galaxies that also includes M65 and NGC 3628.

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Images by Martin Crow

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Images by Julian Tworek

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Images by Andrew Wilson

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Leo Triplet, M65, NGC3623

22nd September 2018

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M65 is part of the Leo triplet along with M66 and NGC3628. The galaxy is low in dust and gas, and there is little star formation in it, although there has been some relatively recently in the arms. The ratio of old stars to new stars is correspondingly quite high. In most wavelengths it is quite uninteresting, though there is a radio source visible in the NVSS, offset from the core by about two arc-minutes. The identity of the source is uncertain, as it has not been identified visually, or formally studied in any published papers.

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Images by Martin Crow

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Images by Julian Tworek

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Images by Andrew Wilson

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Barred spiral galaxy, M61, NGC4303

22nd September 2018

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Messier 61 (also known as NGC 4303) is an intermediate barred spiral galaxy in the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. It was discovered by Barnaba Oriani on May 5, 1779. This was six days before Charles Messier observed the same galaxy, but had mistaken it as a comet.

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Images by Debra Holton

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The Ring Nebula, M57, NGC6720

22nd September 2018

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The Ring Nebula (also known as NGC 6720) is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Lyra. Such objects are formed when a shell of ionized gas is expelled into the surrounding interstellar medium by a red giant star, which was passing through the last stage in its evolution before becoming a white dwarf.

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Images by Gordon Collins

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Images by Martin Crow

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Images by Simon Dawes

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Images by Debra Holton

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Images by Keith Rickard

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Images by David Sheehan

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Images by Julian Tworek

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Images by Andrew Wilson

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Globular Cluster, M56, NGC6779

19th September 2018

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Messier 56 (also known as NGC 6779) is a globular cluster in the constellation Lyra. It was discovered by Charles Messier in 1779. M56 is at a distance of about 32,900 light-years from Earth and measures roughly 84 light-years across.
The brightest stars in M56 are of 13th magnitude while it contains only about a dozen known variable stars like V6 (RV Tauri star; period: 90 days) or V1 (Cepheid: 1.510 days); other variable stars are V2 (irregular) and V3 (semiregular).

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Images by Simon Dawes

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Images by Debra Holton

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Images by Andrew Wilson

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